Question and Answers Forum

All Questions      Topic List

Integration Questions

Previous in All Question      Next in All Question      

Previous in Integration      Next in Integration      

Question Number 88547 by ajfour last updated on 11/Apr/20

prove for (0<a<2) ∫_0 ^( ∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(1+x+x^2 )) = ((2π)/(√3))cos (((2πa+π)/6))cosec πa .

$${prove}\:{for}\:\left(\mathrm{0}<{a}<\mathrm{2}\right) \\ $$ $$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\:\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{\mathrm{1}+{x}+{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }\:=\:\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}\mathrm{cos}\:\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi{a}+\pi}{\mathrm{6}}\right)\mathrm{cosec}\:\pi{a}\:. \\ $$

Answered by mind is power last updated on 12/Apr/20

∫_(−∞) ^(+∞) (x^(a−1) /(1+x+x^2 ))dx=∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(1+x+x^2 ))+∫_0 ^(+∞) (((−1)^(a−1) x^(a−1) )/(1−x+x^2 ))dx =∫_C_R (x^(a−1) /(1+x+x^2 ))dx≤∫_0 ^π ((R^a e^(i(a−1)π) )/(R^2 −R+1))→0 ⇒∫_0 ^(+∞) ((e^(iπ(a−1)) x^(a−1) )/(x^2 −x+1))dx+∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 +x+1))=2iπRes((z^(a−1) /(z^2 +z+1)),e^(i((2π)/3)) ) =((2iπe^(i(a−1)((2π)/3)) )/((3e^((2iπ)/3) +1)))=−isin(πa)∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1))+−cos(πa)∫_0 ^(+∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1)) +∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 +x+1)) ((2iπe^(i(a−1)((2π)/3)) )/(2(−(1/2)+((i(√3))/2))+1))=((2iπe^(i(a−1)((2π)/3)) )/(i(√3)))=((2π)/(√3))(cos(((2π(a−1))/3))+isin(((2π(a−1))/3))) =−isin(πa)∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1))−cos(πa)∫_0 ^∞ ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1))+∫_0 ^(+∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 +x+1)) ⇒((2iπ)/(√3))sin(((2π(a−1))/3))=−isin(πa)∫_0 ^(+∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1)) ⇒∫_0 ^(+∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 −x+1))=((−2πsin(((2π(a−1))/3)))/(sin(πa)(√3))) ∫_0 ^(+∞) ((x^(a−1) dx)/(x^2 +x+1))=((2π)/(√3))cos(((2π(a−1))/3))+((−2πsin(((2π(a−1))/3))cos(πa))/(sin(πa)(√3))) =((2π)/(√3)).(1/(sin(πa))){cos(((2π(a−1))/3))sin(πa)−sin(((2π(a−1))/3))cos(πa)) =((2π)/(sin(πa)(√3))){sin(πa−((2π(a−1))/3))} =((2π)/((√3)sin(πa))){sin(((πa)/3)+((2π)/3))} =((2π)/(sin(πa)(√3)))cos((π/2)−((πa)/3)−((2π)/3))=((2π)/(sin(πa)(√3)))(cos(((−πa)/3)−(π/6))) =((2π)/(sin(πa)(√3)))cos(((2πa+π)/6))=((2π)/(√3))cos(((2πa+π)/6))cosec(πa)

$$\int_{−\infty} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} }{\mathrm{1}+{x}+{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{dx}=\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{\mathrm{1}+{x}+{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }+\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{\left(−\mathrm{1}\right)^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} }{\mathrm{1}−{x}+{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{dx} \\ $$ $$=\int_{{C}_{{R}} } \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} }{\mathrm{1}+{x}+{x}^{\mathrm{2}} }{dx}\leqslant\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\pi} \frac{{R}^{{a}} {e}^{{i}\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)\pi} }{{R}^{\mathrm{2}} −{R}+\mathrm{1}}\rightarrow\mathrm{0} \\ $$ $$\Rightarrow\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{e}^{{i}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)} {x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} }{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}}{dx}+\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +{x}+\mathrm{1}}=\mathrm{2}{i}\pi{Res}\left(\frac{{z}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} }{{z}^{\mathrm{2}} +{z}+\mathrm{1}},{e}^{{i}\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}} \right) \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}{i}\pi{e}^{{i}\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}} }{\left(\mathrm{3}{e}^{\frac{\mathrm{2}{i}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}} +\mathrm{1}\right)}=−{isin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}}+−{cos}\left(\pi{a}\right)\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$ $$+\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +{x}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$ $$\frac{\mathrm{2}{i}\pi{e}^{{i}\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}} }{\mathrm{2}\left(−\frac{\mathrm{1}}{\mathrm{2}}+\frac{{i}\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{\mathrm{2}}\right)+\mathrm{1}}=\frac{\mathrm{2}{i}\pi{e}^{{i}\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}} }{{i}\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}\left({cos}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)+{isin}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)\right) \\ $$ $$=−{isin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}}−{cos}\left(\pi{a}\right)\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}}+\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +{x}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$ $$\Rightarrow\frac{\mathrm{2}{i}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{sin}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)=−{isin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}} \\ $$ $$\Rightarrow\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} −{x}+\mathrm{1}}=\frac{−\mathrm{2}\pi{sin}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}\: \\ $$ $$\int_{\mathrm{0}} ^{+\infty} \frac{{x}^{{a}−\mathrm{1}} {dx}}{{x}^{\mathrm{2}} +{x}+\mathrm{1}}=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{cos}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)+\frac{−\mathrm{2}\pi{sin}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right){cos}\left(\pi{a}\right)}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}} \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}.\frac{\mathrm{1}}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)}\left\{{cos}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right){sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)−{sin}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right){cos}\left(\pi{a}\right)\right) \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}\left\{{sin}\left(\pi{a}−\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi\left({a}−\mathrm{1}\right)}{\mathrm{3}}\right)\right\} \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)}\left\{{sin}\left(\frac{\pi{a}}{\mathrm{3}}+\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}\right)\right\} \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{cos}\left(\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{2}}−\frac{\pi{a}}{\mathrm{3}}−\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\mathrm{3}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}\left({cos}\left(\frac{−\pi{a}}{\mathrm{3}}−\frac{\pi}{\mathrm{6}}\right)\right) \\ $$ $$=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{{sin}\left(\pi{a}\right)\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{cos}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi{a}+\pi}{\mathrm{6}}\right)=\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi}{\sqrt{\mathrm{3}}}{cos}\left(\frac{\mathrm{2}\pi{a}+\pi}{\mathrm{6}}\right){cosec}\left(\pi{a}\right) \\ $$ $$ \\ $$ $$ \\ $$ $$ \\ $$

Commented byajfour last updated on 12/Apr/20

Thank you sir, hope you liked solving it.

$${Thank}\:{you}\:{sir},\:{hope}\:{you}\:{liked} \\ $$ $${solving}\:{it}. \\ $$

Commented bymind is power last updated on 12/Apr/20

nice one Sir since 4 or 5 month ago i lost my motivation lost pleasur of solving problemes i dont know why!

$${nice}\:{one}\:{Sir} \\ $$ $${since}\:\mathrm{4}\:{or}\:\mathrm{5}\:{month}\:{ago}\:{i}\:{lost}\:{my}\:{motivation} \\ $$ $${lost}\:{pleasur}\:{of}\:{solving}\:{problemes}\:{i}\:{dont}\:{know}\:{why}! \\ $$ $$ \\ $$

Terms of Service

Privacy Policy

Contact: info@tinkutara.com